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GATE CSE 2024 Session 1 Q29: Sequence and acknowledgement numbers in a TCP handshake

Question

TCP client P successfully establishes a connection to TCP server Q. Let NPN_P denote the sequence number in the SYN sent from P to Q. Let NQN_Q denote the acknowledgement number in the SYN ACK from Q to P. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

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Answer: A, D (official GATE 2024 final answer key)

Concept used: TCP uses a random initial sequence number, and a SYN consumes one sequence number.

First step: The ACK number is the next byte expected; the SYN counts as one byte.

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Source: official GATE 2024 Session 1 CS question paper and final answer key, organised by IISc Bangalore. Question paper · Answer key