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GATE CSE 2023 Q52: RTTs to load a page with iterative DNS and 10 objects

Question

Suppose in a web browser, you click on the www.gate-2023.in URL. The browser cache is empty. The IP address for this URL is not cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is triggered (by the local DNS server deployed on your local host) over the 3-tier DNS hierarchy in an iterative mode. No resource records are cached anywhere across all DNS servers.

Let RTT denote the round trip time between your local host and DNS servers in the DNS hierarchy. The round trip time between the local host and the web server hosting www.gate-2023.in is also equal to RTT. The HTML file associated with the URL is small enough to have negligible transmission time and negligible rendering time by your web browser, which references 10 equally small objects on the same web server.

Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT about the minimum elapsed time between clicking on the URL and your browser fully rendering it?

Try it: multiple select: one or more correct options

Select one or more options
Select all correct options. No negative marking, no partial marks.
Show answer and explanation

Answer: C, D (official GATE 2023 final answer key)

Concept used: Count RTTs: DNS lookups, TCP handshakes and HTTP request–response rounds.

First step: Iterative lookup over root, TLD and authoritative servers costs 3 RTTs; then add 2 RTTs to fetch the HTML.

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Source: official GATE 2023 CS question paper and final answer key, organised by IIT Kanpur. Question paper · Answer key

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