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GATE CSE 2022 Q45: LU decomposition of a 3×3 system: L32, U33 and x1

Question

Consider solving the following system of simultaneous equations using LU decomposition.

x1+x2−2x3=4x1+3x2−x3=72x1+x2−5x3=7\begin{aligned} x_1 + x_2 - 2x_3 &= 4 \\ x_1 + 3x_2 - x_3 &= 7 \\ 2x_1 + x_2 - 5x_3 &= 7 \end{aligned}

where LL and UU are denoted as

L=(L1100L21L220L31L32L33),U=(U11U12U130U22U2300U33)L = \begin{pmatrix} L_{11} & 0 & 0 \\ L_{21} & L_{22} & 0 \\ L_{31} & L_{32} & L_{33} \end{pmatrix}, \quad U = \begin{pmatrix} U_{11} & U_{12} & U_{13} \\ 0 & U_{22} & U_{23} \\ 0 & 0 & U_{33} \end{pmatrix}

Which one of the following is the correct combination of values for L32L_{32}, U33U_{33}, and x1x_1?

Try it: multiple choice: exactly one correct option

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Answer: D (official GATE 2022 final answer key)

Concept used: Doolittle LU: Gaussian elimination multipliers form LL (unit diagonal) and the reduced matrix is UU.

First step: Eliminate x1x_1: R2−R1R_2 - R_1 and R3−2R1R_3 - 2R_1 give rows (0,2,1)(0, 2, 1) and (0,−1,−1)(0, -1, -1); the next multiplier is L32L_{32}.

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Source: official GATE 2022 CS question paper and final answer key, organised by IIT Kharagpur. Question paper · Answer key